Density     

g/cm³

3.76

3.86

3.32

5.65

6.05

6.09

> 3.10

> 3.24

2.52

2.2

Porosity

% water absorption

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

Flexural Strength

MPa

296

310

>300

545

1000

555

(biaxial)

400

(4 points)

700

94

67

Compressive Strength

MPa

>1720

>2070

2000

1700

2000

2000

2500

3000

345

1150

Young’s modulus

GPa

> 330

> 370

310

205

205

209

430

290

67

70

Fracture toughness

MPa.m 1/2

-

-

3.35

6.0

10.0

4

7.0

-

-

Hardness

 -

HR 45N

75

HR 45N

81

-

HV 0.3

1120

HV 0.3

1300

14.6 GPa

HV 1.0
24.5 GPa

15 GPa

-

-

Thermal Conductivity 

W/m K

26.8

29.3

170 – 190

2.5

2.4

130

25

1.46

1.38

Coef. Linear Thermal Expansion

10^-6 / °C

6.9 - 9.0

25-1000°C

6.9 - 9.4

25-1000°C

3.6 - 5.6

25-1000°C

10.0

10.0

3.8 - 5.1

25-1000 °C

1.4 - 3.2

25-1000 °C

8.1 - 12.3
25-1000°C

0.48

25-900°C

Max. Working Temperature (no load)

°C

1650

1725

-

1000

1000

1450

1200

800

1150

Dielectric Strength

 Kv/mm 

43.3

31.5

≥20

-

-

-

45

40

Volume Resistivity    

W cm

> 10.¹⁴

> 10.¹⁴

> 10.¹²

> 10.¹²

> 10.¹²

10.¹⁴

> 10.¹⁶

10.¹⁶

Dielectric Constant (K')

-

9.53

@10 MHz

9.58

@10 MHz

8.6

@1 MHz

-

-

-

6.03

@1 KHz

3.7

@1 MHz

Dissipation Factor (tan d)

-

0.4 x 10^-4

@10 MHz

0.3 x 10^-4

@10 MHz

0.5 x 10^-3

@1 MHz

-

-

-

4.0 x 10^-3

@ 1 kHz

0,5 x 10^-3

@ 1 kHz

Applications

Electrical insulation

Vacuum

Brazing

Mechanical

Electrical insulation

Vacuum

Brazing

Mechanical

Electrical insulation

Thermal dissipation

Mechanical

Thermal insulation

Mechanical

Thermal  insulation

Biomedical

Mechanical

Chemical corrosion

Thermal dissipation

Mechanical

Electrical Insulation

Electrical insulation

Thermal insulation

Electrical insulation

Thermal insulation